Saliva is a complex biofluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth, but also by the oral microbiome and the epithelial oral cells. It is about 99% water and contains electrolytes, proteins, lipids, metabolites, cell-free nucleic acids, microbial agents and extracellular vesicles (among them exosomes).
Exosomes isolated from saliva are an attractive source of biomarkers due to this biofluid characteristics: easy accessibility, non-invasive methods of collection, and fewer compliance problems.
Moreover, the analysis of exosomes in saliva represents a potentially cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations and performing follow-up studies.
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